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Code Style

General

We base our code style on a modified version of the Google style guide for Python code. The key differences are:

  • Docstrings: The Numpy style guide applies here.

    When writing docstrings for functions, use the imperative style, as per PEP-257. For example, write "Do X and Y" instead of "Does X and Y".

  • Overridden methods: If the documentation did not change from the base class (i.e. the base class' method's docstring still applies without modification), do not add a short docstring รก la "See base class". This lets automated tools pick up the full base class docstring instead, and is therefore more useful in IDEs etc.

  • Linting: Use pylint for static code analysis, and mypy for static type checking.

  • Formatting: Use black as code auto-formatter. The maximum line length is 79, as per PEP-8. This setting should be automatically picked up from the pyproject.toml file. The reason for the shorter line length is that it avoids wrapping and overflows in side-by-side split views (e.g. diffs) if there's also information displayed to the side of it (e.g. a tree view of the modified files).

    Be aware of the different line length of 72 for docstrings. We currently do not have a satisfactory solution to automatically apply or enforce this.

    Note that, while you're encouraged to do so in general, it is not a hard requirement to break up long strings into smaller parts. Additionally, never break up strings that are presented to the user in e.g. log messages, as that makes it significantly harder to grep for them.

    Use isort for automatic sorting of imports. Its settings should automatically be picked up from the pyproject.toml file as well.

  • Typing: We do not make an exception for typing imports. Instead of writing from typing import SomeName, use import typing as t and access typing related classes like t.TypedDict.

    Use the new syntax and classes for typing introduced with Python 3.10.

    • Instead of t.Tuple, t.List etc. use the builtin classes tuple, list etc.
    • For classes that are not builtin (e.g. Iterable), import collections.abc as cabc and then use them like cabc.Iterable.
    • Use PEP-604-style unions, e.g. int | float instead of t.Union[int, float].
    • Use ... | None (with None always as the last union member) instead of t.Optional[...] and always explicitly annotate where None is possible.

  • Python style rules: For conflicting parts, the black code style wins. If you have set up black correctly, you don't need to worry about this though :)

  • When working with dicts, consider using t.TypedDict instead of a more generic dict[str, float|int|str]-like annotation where possible, as the latter is much less precise (often requiring additional asserts or isinstance checks to pass) and can grow unwieldy very quickly.
  • Prefer t.NamedTuple over collections.namedtuple, because the former uses a more convenient class ...: syntax and also supports type annotations.

Conventions

Imports

  1. Always use from x import y or from x import y as z when importing modules. The only exception is when you are importing a high-level package or module, such as import fastapi

  2. Given that we often have identical file names across our modules and submodules, adhering to the Google style guide can lead to naming conflicts during imports. To address this, we distinguish between the following two cases:

    1. Importing a module from the current directory: In this case, we do not need to rename the module and can use it as is. For instance, if we are in capellacollab.projects.toolsmodels, we can simply import the crud and model modules like this: from . import crud, model.

    2. Importing a module from a different directory: In this scenario, we must add an as xy suffix to avoid naming conflicts with the first case. We follow this pattern:

    from capellacollab.extensions.<extension> import submodule as <extension>_<submodule>

    For example, if we are in capellacollab.sessions and want to import crud from capellacollab.projects.toolsmodels, we would do it like this:

    from capellacollab.projects.toolmodels import crud as toolmodels_crud

  3. Only use relative imports up to one level above the current one. This means you should use from . import y for the current module and from .. import y as z for one level above. For all other imports beyond this level, use the full path as described in 3.

Naming Conventions

  • All SQLAlchemy models should have Database as a prefix, e.g., DatabaseProject or DatabaseUser.